Glass Transition of Green Polymers and the Role of Bound Water

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Series: Polymer Science and Technology

BISAC: SCI097000

In nature, green polymers (natural polymers) in plants and animals always coexist with water. The characteristic features of polymers organized in nature are difficult to understand without water. Specific features of green polymers are characterised via interaction with water molecules which strongly interact with the hydrophilic group of polymers. Molecular motion of the main chain of polysaccharides, whether extracted from wood, fungi, seaweed, or bacteria, is considerably enhanced in the presence of water. Not only in crystalline polysaccharides but also amorphous lignin, the effect of water on molecular motion is clearly observed by various experimental techniques. When the molecular motion of green polymers is investigated in the presence of water, molecular rearrangement occurs by the introduction of water into the system, and the higher-order structure is rearranged during molecular movement by heating conditions. Phase transition behaviour of water molecules is also affected in the presence of hydrophilic polymers, such as polysaccharides. Molecular enhancement of water molecules and hydrophilic polymers cooperate with each other and phase transition behaviour of the above system also corresponds to the above motion. Even the first-order phase transition of water is affected in the presence of polysaccharides. When glass transition behaviour of the natural polymer-water system is investigated, it is important to take into consideration the fact that the structural change of both components has necessarily taken place.

In this book, the molecular motion of green polymers, traditionally called natural polymers and obtained mainly from plants and bacteria, are described in the presence of water. The major sources of content presented here are derived from our research results gathered over a period of many years of work in this field.

Table of Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Symbols and Abbreviations

Chapter 1. Introduction

Chapter 2. Glass Transition and Bound Water

Chapter 3. Experimental Techniques

Chapter 4. Glass Transition of Polysaccharides

Chapter 5. Glass Transition of Lignin and Related Model Polymers

Index


Reviews

“I was fortunate to receive an advance copy of this manuscript and read it with great interest. Its subject is of utmost relevance to polymer scientists and will be a very welcome addition to their professional literature when it will be published. Polymers from renewable resources arguably represent the macromolecular materials of the XXI century and this book deals with a major aspect of their properties applied to two of their most important families, namely polysaccharides and lignins. The glass transition is a fundamental feature in this context, particularly in the way it is explored, viz. by studying it as a function of the moisture content in these mostly hydrophilic materials. The so-called “bound water” has intrigued and challenged researchers for decades and it finds here an illuminating treatment. The book deals with its subject with a comprehensive and thorough approach and discusses the results in a highly convincing fashion. In other words, this monograph is indeed a trove of rich and deep information. Apart from these scientific qualities, I fully appreciated the inclusion of a very detailed experimental treatment, which is so important if one should be sure to obtain reliable results, which are not straightforward in this particular context. It follows therefore that I strongly recommend this original volume to polymer scientists and industrial practitioners, as well as to both undergraduate and research students.” -Professor Alessandro Gandini, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais

“When polymeric biomaterials are designed, the role of “intermediate water concept” takes important role. Structural/dynamical change of water acts crucial role on bio-compatibility/bio-inertness/non-fouling based on interfacial structure/dynamics at bio-interfaces. In order to design novel bio-compatible materials, it is important to know specific features of green polymers characterised via interaction with water molecules. This book describes the molecular relaxation of green polymers, especially the thermodynamic concept of wide range of green polymers, and the bound water. Historical background of research field of “water-biomaterial interaction” indicates that scientists have paid attention to the molecular motion of polymers in the presence of water for a long time. In this book, thermodynamic concept of green polymers and the bound water is found in Chapter 2. Various techniques to measure the molecular motion of green polymers in wet conditions are explained in Chapter 3. Glass transition behaviour of green polymers and the model compounds is described in chapters 4 and 5. It is recommended to young scientists who are investigating bio-compatible materials to read this book to develop background knowledge of “nature”. I plan on finding ways to share this book with my teaching class as well as laboratory meetings in terms of design of innovative materials in the coexistence of water. I believe that all scientists will become more aware of the role of water molecules at the water-material interfaces after reading this book.” -Masaru Tanaka, PhD, Professor, Soft Materials Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

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