Carmen Cendrero-Luengo¹, María Jiménez-Palomares², PhD, Juan Rodríguez-Mansilla², PhD, María Jesús Rodríguez-Mansilla³, María Trinidad Rodríguez-Domínguez⁴, PhD, and Elisa María Garrido-Ardila², PhD
¹Vithas Hospital, Plácido Fernández Viagas Avenue, Sevilla, Spain
²ADOLOR Research Group, Medical and Surgical Department, Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Spain
³Don Benito-Villanueva Hospital, Nursing Department, Don Benito, Badajoz, Spain
⁴ROBOLAB Research Group, Medical-Surgical Therapy Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy Faculty, Extremadura University, Spain

Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.52305/OSTM9670

Part of the book: Understanding Psychotic Disorders

Abstract

Psychotic disorders are severe mental disorders as defined by the current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). They are included in the category ‘Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders’. According to the report of the European Brain Council (EBC) and the European College of Neuropsycho- pharmacology (ECNP) in terms of prevalence, ‘every year, around 38.2% of the European population suffers from a mental disorder, constituting some 164.7 million people.’ Mental illnesses develop in a continuum process, where there are different phases. In particular, psychotic disorders start with incipient psychosis. The prognosis of psychotic disorders varies in relation to the time of detection and diagnosis of symptoms. It is considered important to detect clinical manifestations early, in order to start the treatment as soon as possible, as delay in starting treatment once symptoms have developed leads to a worse prognosis. Adolescence is a key stage for the development of different mental disorders, particularly psychotic disorders. This stage of life is accompanied by new practices that can make us more vulnerable to suffering from a psychotic disorder or, on the contrary, play a protective role in its evolution. Contributing factors are elements that collaborate in the development of psychotic disorders. In this sense, the main risk factor is age. The World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH) has determined that at least half of all mental health disorders appear at the age of 14, with major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia being the serious mental illnesses that most affect these young people. Knowing about them, detecting them and investigating them is necessary to improve the prognosis of the pathology and to be able to carry out a correct treatment approach.

Keywords: psychotic disorders, adolescence, contributing factors, treatment and prevention

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