https://novapublishers.com Publisher of Books and Journals in Medicine and Health, Science and Technology and Social Sciences Mon, 26 Sep 2022 18:38:09 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.1.1 https://novapublishers.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cropped-nova-favicon-32x32.jpg https://novapublishers.com 32 32 https://novapublishers.com/shop/automated-vehicles-safety-benefits-and-implications/ Thu, 23 Jun 2022 20:14:34 +0000 https://novapublishers.com/?post_type=product&p=125940 Norman D. Hart (Editor) Series: Transportation Issues, Policies and R&D BISAC: TRA001000 Automated vehicles (AVs), including automated trucks and buses, are vehicles in which the safety-critical control functions (e.g., steering, acceleration, or braking) can occur without direct driver input. There are at least 1,400 automated vehicles, including automated trucks, currently in testing by more than 80 companies across 36 states, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). This book explores the impact of automated vehicle deployment, including automated trucks and buses, on mobility, infrastructure, safety, workforce, and other economic and societal implications or benefits.]]> https://novapublishers.com/shop/autonomous-vehicles-safety-deployment-and-effect-on-infrastructure/ Wed, 25 Nov 2020 14:08:09 +0000 https://novapublishers.com/?post_type=product&p=89103 Nyle Phillips (Editor) Series: Transportation Issues, Policies and R&D BISAC: TRA001000 Fully autonomous vehicles, which would carry out many or all of their functions without the intervention of a driver, may someday bring sweeping social and economic changes and “lead to breakthrough gains in transportation safety.” At present, no fully autonomous vehicles are available for public use. Many new vehicles have automated some driver functions, but all require a human to monitor the driving environment and control the vehicle. However, rapid advances in technology have made it likely that vehicles with high levels of automation will be on the market within a few years, raising questions about the adequacy of existing methods of safety as discussed in chapter 1. For this and other reasons, federal oversight of the testing and deployment of autonomous vehicles has been of considerable interest as reported in chapters 2 and 3. Chapter 4 examines the implications of autonomous vehicles on America’s roadway infrastructure.]]> https://novapublishers.com/shop/issues-with-facial-recognition-technology/ Wed, 04 Nov 2020 15:52:06 +0000 https://novapublishers.com/?post_type=product&p=88012 Warren Lambert (Editor) Series: Technology in a Globalizing World BISAC: COM014000 Automated facial recognition systems compare two or more images of faces to determine whether they represent the same individual. Facial recognition technology (FRT) falls within the larger categories of biometric technology used to varying degrees by the government and private entities to identify persons. This book deals with some of the issues concerning facial recognition technology.]]> https://novapublishers.com/shop/unmanned-aerial-vehicles/ Wed, 21 Oct 2020 14:33:08 +0000 https://novapublishers.com/?post_type=product&p=87225 Nicholas Barrera (Editor) Series: Robotics Research and Technology BISAC: TEC037000 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles presents concepts important to any individual endeavoring to use unmanned aerial vehicles in work or research for the first time. The capability of using unmanned aerial vehicles in performing atmospheric chemical measurements and in the design of sensor and sampling payloads is discussed, and a review of recent trends is provided. The authors explore the concept of a universal flight and navigation system for small and ultra-small unmanned aerial vehicles with open architecture both in hardware and software terms. The closing study details unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry, its idiosyncrasies, and its applicability in the conservation of archaeological objects.]]> https://novapublishers.com/shop/public-transport-types-management-and-operation-2/ Thu, 13 Aug 2020 13:11:31 +0000 https://novapublishers.com/?post_type=product&p=84095 Transportation Issues, Policies and R&D BISAC: TRA009000 Public Transport: Types, Management and Operation first discusses the types of bus management and operation in Tamil Nadu, touching on some prevalent problems and suggesting potential solutions. The authors explore the operational environment of “tri-taxis” in the Cape Coat metropolis, contributing to the existing literature on the phenomenon. The interactions between urban expansion policy and collective transport policy are assessed in an urban area of great relevance in Argentina, Mendoza. In closing, this collection discusses the legal and technical regulations regarding the use of freight drones in city centres.]]> https://novapublishers.com/shop/trucking-challenges-safety-and-automated-trucks/ Thu, 27 Feb 2020 18:22:52 +0000 https://novapublishers.com/?post_type=product&p=71794 Arthur Locke (Editor) Series: Transportation Issues, Policies and R&D BISAC: TRA001150 Chapter 1 reports on the current challenges faced by motor carriers, truck drivers, shippers, and brokers; and how these challenges impact safety, operations, jobs, and goods movement on our Nation’s roads. Automated vehicle technology may eventually make commercial trucking more efficient and safer, but also has the potential to change the employment landscape for nearly 1.9 million heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers, among others. GAO was asked to examine the potential workforce effects of automated trucking. Chapter 2 addresses (1) what is known about how and when automated vehicle technologies could affect commercial trucks; (2) what is known about how the adoption of automated trucks could affect the commercial trucking workforce; and (3) the extent to which DOT and DOL are preparing to assist drivers whose jobs may be affected. (Imprint: SNOVA)]]> https://novapublishers.com/shop/highway-safety-background-programs-and-vehicle-safety/ Tue, 11 Feb 2020 16:31:52 +0000 https://novapublishers.com/?post_type=product&p=66713 Bertha G. Baldwin (Editor) Series: Transportation Issues, Policies and R&D BISAC: TRA001000 According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 37,133 people lost their lives in accidents on U.S. roadways in 2017 1. That means an average of 101 people died each day in motor vehicle crashes, equating to roughly one fatality every 15 minutes. The FAST Act has funded programs to ensure safety on our Nation’s roads. These include grants to improve physical roadway infrastructure; grant programs to reduce crashes, injuries, and fatalities involving large trucks and buses; grant programs to incentivize States to adopt laws and regulations to improve highway safety; and grants to assist State enforcement of vehicle and driver safety measures. This book discusses traffic safety issues. (Imprint: SNOVA)]]> https://novapublishers.com/shop/impact-of-operational-conditions-of-icebreaker-ships-on-the-optimal-type-of-propulsion-system/ Tue, 10 Dec 2019 17:07:40 +0000 https://novapublishers.com/?post_type=product&p=67706 Igor Bolvashenkov Technical University of Munich (TUM), Senior Researcher, Munich, Germany Series: Transportation Issues, Policies and R&D BISAC:TRA006000 DOI: 10.52305/AIXN2557 For a large number of countries, the task of Arctic exploration and implementation of year-round navigation along the Northern Sea Route, which has become a reality today due to global warming, has become increasingly relevant in recent years. In turn, its solution requires the creation of a multi-purpose Arctic fleet, consisting of modern icebreaker ships with efficient and fault-tolerant propulsion systems, fully compliant with the specific operational conditions of the Arctic. In the last decade, due to the significantly increased interest to the new transport connection between West Europe and the Far East and the growth of various cargo traffic (oil, gas, containers, etc.) by the Northern Sea Route, the need of a significant increase of quantity and capacity of icebreaker cargo fleet has appeared. In order to maintain year-round navigation in the Northern Sea Route in the next few years, ships for various purposes are planned to be built (multipurpose and universal ships, supply ships, lighters, oil and gas tankers, hovercrafts, and others), which are intended for operation in the seas of the Arctic basin. Comprehensive efficiency of transportation process in the Arctic seas depends not only on the planning and coordination activities of the fleets and harbors, but also on the ships’ technical characteristics. It means that icebreaker ships should have appropriate special features, accordingly to the requirements for navigation in the Arctic ice conditions. The results of the presented scientific research, which are based on statistical operational data from the 1980s, determined the main directions for development of today’s modern icebreaker ships designed for Arctic operation in specific ice conditions. Considering that the projects of year-round navigation along the Northern Sea Route, which have become a reality today, the task of creating corresponding ships with highly reliable and fault-tolerant electric propulsion systems is extremely relevant today. The proposed systematic methodology of the choice of the appropriate type of propulsion system for icebreaker cargo Arctic ships was confirmed by many years of successful operational experience in the ice navigational conditions. During the design process of icebreaker ships, the question about choice of ship’s propulsion system arises, taking into account a power-producing unit and propeller, coupled with the frame of the ship. The correct solution of this problem has a significant value for the further operation of the ship. The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive presentation of multicriteria operational efficiency analysis of the competing ship’s propulsion systems that would be most suitable for icebreaker Arctic ships, taking into account the real operating conditions of ice navigation.]]> https://novapublishers.com/shop/aviation-and-the-airline-industry-international-perspectives-on-policies-and-practices/ Tue, 15 Oct 2019 13:50:31 +0000 https://novapublishers.com/?post_type=product&p=64909 Leo Kounis (Editor) Ministry of Defense, Hellenic National Defense General Staff, Communication & Informatics Battalion, Head of Department, Athens, Greece Series: Aircraft and Avionics Research and Technology - New in 2019 BISAC: TRA002000 This book “Aviation and the Airline Industry: International Perspectives on Policies and Practices” presents a selected number of international aviation-specific cases, with an emphasis being placed on Greece, as a number of investment opportunities arise and its economy is recovering from a nine-year turmoil. Aviation has come a long way since its inceptions and is regarded as the safest mode of transport; an achievement that has been built on accumulated experience. The incorporation of redundant systems is aimed at eliminating potential failure causes. Indeed, the introduction of sophisticated computers and cutting-edge technology has led to a decrease in accidents per se. The paper by J.A. Richter though suggests that the “safety-first” culture spearheaded by air carriers may be at risk. Market insighters claim that the aviation sector will continue to grow at a rate around 3% with the Asia-Pacific area showing the highest increase. The latter may be in part due to the introduction of policies that are fostering the role of market forces in the aviation industry. The paper by M. A. Abdullah et al using stochastic frontier analysis argues that production inefficiencies have occurred, which may be the outcome of global competition and suggest that air carriers ought to adjust to a more competitive international market. In anticipation of a constant rise in passenger numbers, aircraft manufacturers Boeing and Airbus have opted for different approaches in terms of meeting anticipated market demands. In doing so, Airbus introduced the double-decker A380 aircraft, with Emirates being its main customer followed by the leading European flag carriers. The marketing of the A380 has inadvertently affected airport service providers, Regulatory Bodies and Air carriers. As Greece is at the crossroads of Europe, Asia and the Middle East, author S. Topouris examines the possibility of the new Athens International Airport, AIA, to serve as an A380 scheduled airport. Athens International Airport is the successor of the former Hellinikon Airport, which terminated operations on March 28th, 2001, as it had reached its saturation point. Owing to Greece’s geographical particularities and the numerous scattered islands, aircraft and vessels are the primary modes of transport showing an increased trend. The study by P. Meimaris et al, provide preliminary data pertaining to the amount of emitted greenhouse gases, GHG, from civil aircraft flying within Hellenic Air Space, HAS. This work equally acknowledges the effect of wildfires in amplifying the percentage of GHGs within a region. Greece’s geostrategic location amidst the crossroads of Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle-East is facilitating a higher amount of passenger and freight movements to a number of European metropolises. The cities of Athens and Piraeus act as European gateways for both air carriers and maritime companies, respectively. Acknowledging Europe’s White Paper on Transport, this work introduces a bold approach of minimizing greenhouse gases by turning part of Greece’s railway system into a high-speed network, which is deemed to augment its economy in the long-term. The work by V. M. Kafasis elaborates on the emerging opportunities in Greece’s aviation industry, resulting from the introduction of Law 4568/2018 pertaining to the licensing, operation and utilization of waterdromes. The development and operation of seaplanes is expected to offer a flexible alternative, which, in turn, may foster inter-connectivity and enhance remote area accessibility, while improving financial performance indicators. The successive European Air Liberalisation Acts inadvertently affected a number of European flag carriers. The 2008 financial crisis that spread across Europe had a profound impact on Cypriot Economy, in particular during the (2011-2012) period. Author C. Hailis discusses the effect of the financial crisis in Cyprus’ aviation market, while providing an insight on Cyprus Airways. (Imprint: Nova)]]> https://novapublishers.com/shop/air-transportation-programs-safety-and-essential-air-service/ Tue, 27 Aug 2019 15:39:41 +0000 https://novapublishers.com/?post_type=product&p=54433 Louis Perreault (Editor) Series: Transportation Issues, Policies and R&D BISAC: TRA002000 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) programs are funded under four broad budget accounts: operations and maintenance (such as air traffic control and aviation safety functions); facilities and equipment (such as control towers and navigation beacons); grants for airports under the Airport Improvement Program (AIP); and civil aviation research conducted or sponsored by FAA. Additionally, certain aviation programs are administered by the Department of Transportation (DOT) Office of the Secretary, including the Essential Air Service (EAS) program, which subsidizes airline service to certain small or isolated communities as discussed in chapter 1. Chapter 2 reviews airline IT outages and examines DOT’s and FAA’s roles related to airline IT outages and what is known about these outages and their effects on passengers Since 1992, Passenger Facility Charges (PFC) have been collected from airline passengers, as part of the airline ticket purchase, to help commercial service airports pay for capital development projects such as construction or improvement of runways, terminals, and roadways, among other things as reported in chapter 3. Chapter 4 examines, among other issues, trends in DOT’s data on airline service; the effectiveness of DOT’s compliance efforts; and the extent to which DOT’s passenger education efforts align with key practices for consumer outreach. Chapter 5 describes how DOT’s review of antitrust immunity applications considers the potential effects on consumers and evaluates how DOT monitors approved grants of antitrust immunity. Chapter 6 examines the extent to which DOT’s process for awarding fiscal year 2014–2016 grants was consistent with its grant notices and recommended practices for awarding discretionary grants, and examines the extent to which fiscal year 2010–2014 grants assisted airports in improving their air service, and identifies factors that affect the success of grant projects. The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 gave airlines almost total freedom to determine which domestic markets to serve and what airfares to charge. This raised the concern that communities with relatively low passenger levels would lose service as carriers shifted their operations to serve larger and often more profitable markets. To address this concern, Congress established the Essential Air Service (EAS) program to ensure that small communities that were served by certificated air carriers before deregulation would continue to receive scheduled passenger service, with subsidies if necessary as discussed in chapter 7. Chapter 8 describes the reasons why TSA established the TSO Basic Training program; discusses factors OTD considers when updating TSO Basic Training curriculum; and assesses the extent to which TSA evaluates its TSO Basic Training program. (Imprint: SNOVA)]]> https://novapublishers.com/shop/rail-transportation-positive-train-control-safety-and-rehabilitation/ Tue, 27 Aug 2019 13:33:55 +0000 https://novapublishers.com/?post_type=product&p=55685 Julius L. Rasmussen (Editor) Series: Transportation Issues, Policies and R&D BISAC: TRA004000 The Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (RSIA08) requires implementation of positive train control (PTC) on railroads which carry passengers or have high-volume freight traffic with toxic- or poisonous-by-inhalation hazardous materials. Chapters 1 and 2 discuss passenger railroads’ PTC progress and FRA’s steps to assist them, and how passenger railroads and FRA plan to approach the 2018 and 2020 deadlines. Chapter 3 reports on the FRA’s passenger equipment safety standards using a performance-based approach to adopt new and modified requirements governing the construction of conventional and high-speed passenger rail equipment. Chapter 4 examines key characteristics of FRA’s and FTA’s rail safety oversight programs and strengths and limitations of FRA’s and FTA’s rail safety oversight programs. Crashes at highway-rail grade crossings are one of the leading causes of railroad-related deaths. Chapter 5 examines the focus of FRA’s grade-crossing-safety research, how states select and implement grade-crossing projects and what data are available from FRA to inform their decisions, and the challenges states reported in implementing and assessing projects and the extent to which FHWA assesses the program’s effectiveness. When a train is not moving but its engines are running, it can present risks and disruptions for the surrounding community as reported in chapter 6. Railroad bridges carry heavy and potentially dangerous loads over busy roadways and important waterways. Many of these bridges are a century old or more. However, unlike road bridges, which are the responsibility of public entities, railroad bridges are the responsibility of the private railroad companies that own or operate them. Congress has acted in recent years to improve oversight of railroad bridge safety, but incidents have prompted concerns about whether enough is being done to protect the public as discussed in chapter 7. Train derailments or collisions are often well-publicized events and receive significant attention from policymakers seeking to reduce their reoccurrence. Less attention has been devoted to trespassing, although it is a much greater cause of rail-related fatalities than derailments and collisions combined. As reported in chapter 8, over three-fifths of deaths in rail incidents have been pedestrian trespassers, and vehicle-train accidents at railroad grade crossings account for nearly one-third Congress created the Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing (RRIF) program to offer long-term, low-cost loans to railroad operators, with particular attention to small freight railroads, to help them finance improvements to infrastructure and investments in equipment. This program is the focus of chapter 9. Chapter 10 examines how WMATA spent its capital funds from fiscal years 2011 through 2017, how WMATA’s new capital planning process addresses weaknesses it identified in the prior process, and WMATA’s progress toward its track preventive maintenance program’s goals and how the program aligns with leading program management practices. (Imprint: SNOVA)]]> https://novapublishers.com/shop/ships-and-shipbuilding-types-design-considerations-and-environmental-impact/ Mon, 29 Jul 2019 16:46:55 +0000 https://novapublishers.com/?post_type=product&p=57617 José A. Orosa (Editor) University of A Coruña, Department of Energy, Spain Series: Construction Materials and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Theory and Applications BISAC: TEC005040 It is not well known how far back in time that ships were invented. Despite this, some archaeological remains were found dating back to 6300 B.C. Based on that period, research and development were carried out on this subject based on different economical conditions and factors like trading and colonizing. Thus, from this early period, Egyptians, Greeks, Roman and Vikings showed clear improvements in ship line designs, and propulsion systems, like oars and sails. With the passing of the years, new research areas were incorporated in research and development in ships. In particular, new concepts about safety and health risks, and also environmental impacts have been incorporated as an evolution from the classical research areas of the design of ship lines and machinery, respectively. From that period, different international organizations have acknowledged an extremely greater importance in these two derived concepts mainly due to their direct influence over human life and the environment. On the basis of this point of view, this book was drafted and organized with the aim to be an updated link between well-known ship designs and operating conditions, and their recent developments, to serve as a guide for marine engineers and naval architects in their professional lives and, especially, for researchers in these areas. (Imprint: Nova)]]>